Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize 1978: Winners
Recipients
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Chemistry
Peter D. Mitchell
for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory
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Medicine
Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith
for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics
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Physics
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics
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Physics
Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson
for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation