Nobel Prize 1945: Winners

Recipients

1. Chemistry

   Artturi Ilmari Virtanen

   Chemistry

   for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method

2. Medicine

   Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Howard Walter Florey

   Biology

   for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases

3. Physics

   Wolfgang Pauli

   Physics

   for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle