Breakthrough Prize 2014: Winners

Recipients

1. Fundamental Physics

   Michael Green, John Henry Schwarz

   Physics

   For opening new perspectives on quantum gravity and the unification of forces.

2. Life Sciences

   Alexander Varshavsky

   Biology

   for discovering critical molecular determinants and biological functions of intracellular protein degradation.

3. Life Sciences

   James P. Allison

   Biology

   for the discovery of T cell checkpoint blockade as effective cancer therapy.

4. Life Sciences

   Mahlon DeLong

   Biology

   for defining the interlocking circuits in the brain that malfunction in Parkinson's disease – this scientific foundation underlies the circuit-based treatment of Parkinson's disease by deep brain stimulation.

5. Life Sciences

   Michael N. Hall

   Biology

   for the discovery of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and its role in cell growth control.

6. Life Sciences

   Richard P. Lifton

   Biology

   for the discovery of genes and biochemical mechanisms that cause hypertension.

7. Life Sciences

   Robert S. Langer

   Biology

   for discoveries leading to the development of controlled drug-release systems and new biomaterials.