William Bradford Shockley for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect 物理学 ChatGPT ↗ Perplexity ↗ Brave ↗ Wikipedia ↗ OpenAlex ↗ 受賞時の所属 Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc. Beckman Coulter Mountain View, 米国 共同受賞者 John Bardeen Walter Houser Brattain